There are so many Divines in the original work; if you ask who's the strongest, putting the protagonist at the end aside, it seems... there's really only one.
Ivyst.
This chick is the undisputed strongest villain, bringing the protagonist team an endless abyss of despair.
Just how terrifying did she get in the later stages?
Let's look at her honorific: The shadow of despair wandering at the end of the River of Death, the supreme entity hunting the gods, the Doomsday Witch who brings destruction and ruin to the world.
It's literally epic-level badassery.
And her feats totally live up to that reputation.
As the Doomsday Witch, she's the terrifying one who kicked off Ragnarok.
When the power levels spiraled out of control near the end, who knows how many Divines she personally hunted down, absorbing their Divinity as her own sustenance.
